Hey, Jack, LA-da dinc\u0259lirs\u0259n \u2013 orada \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck x\u0259yal\u00e7\u0131 layih\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti kassabom ssenari ola bil\u0259r, amma material m\u00fch\u0259ndisliyinin s\u0259rt d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda silisium karbid borular \u0259sl ulduzlard\u0131r. 42 ildir keramika il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131ram \u2013 Pittsburghdak\u0131 polad zavodunda ba\u015flad\u0131m, Houstonun kimya m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 korroziya kabuslar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259qib etdim, indi is\u0259 n\u00fcv\u0259 qur\u011fular\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f fermalar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259r \u015fey\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t verir\u0259m. SiC borular? Onlar dig\u0259r h\u0259r \u015fey \u0259ridiyi, \u00e7atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ya da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan m\u00f6hk\u0259m canavarlar. Onlar\u0131 f\u0259lak\u0259t meyilli prosesl\u0259ri saat mexanizmi kimi etibarl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evir\u0259rk\u0259n g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f\u0259m. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259r \u015feyi xam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131qlayaca\u011fam: n\u0259 olduqlar\u0131, nec\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fcl\u00fcb haz\u0131rland\u0131qlar\u0131, harada \u00fcst\u00fcn olduqlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259ndiyim s\u0259rt d\u0259rsl\u0259r. T\u0259xmin\u0259n 800 s\u00f6z olacaq, bo\u015f-bo\u015f dan\u0131\u015fma yox, sad\u0259c\u0259 sex s\u00f6hb\u0259ti.<\/p>\n
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\u018fsaslar\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259k. Silikon karbid, silikon v\u0259 karbonun y\u00fcks\u0259k istilikd\u0259 \u0259ridilm\u0259si il\u0259 yaranan sintetik keramika material\u0131d\u0131r. Borular \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k safl\u0131ql\u0131 formulalardan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131q \u2013 alfa v\u0259 ya beta SiC kristallar\u0131n\u0131n almaz q\u0259d\u0259r s\u0131x paketl\u0259ndiyi t\u0259rkibl\u0259r. Bu bo\u015f silindrl\u0259r laboratoriya problar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0259l\u0259m nazikliyind\u0259 5 mm daxili diametrd\u0259n s\u0259naye kanallar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 250 mm-lik iri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc borulara q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fir, uzunluqlar\u0131 is\u0259 4 metr v\u0259 daha \u00e7ox ola bil\u0259r. S\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 3,1\u20133,2 q\/sm\u00b3-dir, poladdan y\u00fcng\u00fcld\u00fcr, amma istilik ke\u00e7iriciliyi (100\u2013150 Vt\/m\u00b7K) istiliyi pe\u015f\u0259kar kimi \u00e7\u0259kir. 2700\u00b0C-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r sublimasiya n\u00f6qt\u0259sind\u0259 formalar\u0131n\u0131 qoruyur, 1600\u00b0C-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r oksidl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 tur\u015fulardan, q\u0259l\u0259vil\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259rimi\u015f metallardan qorxmur. S\u0259rtlik? 9,5 Mohs \u2014 a\u015f\u0131nman\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni. Onlarla ilk tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m 1985-ci ild\u0259 k\u00f6m\u00fcr qazla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131nda oldu: \u0259rintid\u0259n haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f borular aylar i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u2019\u0130sve\u00e7 pendiri\u2019n\u0259 \u00e7evrildi; SiC borular is\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 il fasil\u0259siz i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
SiC borular\u0131n d\u00f6y\u00fclm\u0259si c\u0259h\u0259nn\u0259m alovunda q\u0131l\u0131nc d\u00f6ym\u0259k kimidir. Xam SiC tozu Acheson prosesi il\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 edilir\u2014silisli qum v\u0259 kok elektrik sobalar\u0131nda 2,400\u00b0C-d\u0259 \u0259ridilir. Biz ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar \u0259lav\u0259 edir, ya\u015f\u0131l borunu ekstrudiya v\u0259 ya izostatik s\u0131xma \u00fcsulu il\u0259 formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, sonra inert qaz sobalar\u0131nda 2,000\u20132,300\u00b0C-d\u0259 sinterl\u0259yirik. \u018frim\u0259 yoxdur\u2014sad\u0259c\u0259 diffuziya yap\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 monolitik struktur yarad\u0131r. Reaksiya-yap\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sinifl\u0259rd\u0259 (daha ucuz, lakin az miqdarda s\u0259rb\u0259st silikonlu) karbon preform silikonla doydurulur. Tennessee-d\u0259n Tayvana q\u0259d\u0259rki m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 CVD (kimy\u0259vi buxar \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcrm\u0259si) yar\u0131mke\u00e7irici t\u0259mizlik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ultra-saf \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u0259r \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n t\u0259rl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015f\u0259m. Sinterl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259d\u0259n sonra almaz al\u0259tl\u0259r daxili diametri mikron d\u0259qiqliyin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r cilalay\u0131r \u2013 0,02 mm d\u00fczl\u00fck, yoxsa u\u011fursuzluq. Paslanmayan polad v\u0259 ya kompozit qab\u0131qlar k\u00f6vr\u0259k xarici s\u0259thi qoruyur.<\/p>\n
Tipl\u0259r mexanikin qutusundak\u0131 al\u0259tl\u0259r kimi m\u00fcxt\u0259lifdir. Sinterl\u0259nmi\u015f alfa-SiC borular t\u0259miz, y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259zyiqli i\u015fl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0131x v\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Nitrid-ba\u011fl\u0131 (NSiC) \u015fok m\u00fcqavim\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn silikon nitrid \u0259lav\u0259 edir, d\u0259mir\u00e7i sexl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ideald\u0131r. Oksid-ba\u011fl\u0131 (OSiC) orta temperaturlu i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259ri azald\u0131r. Yenid\u0259n kristalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (RSiC) filtrl\u0259r v\u0259 ya qaz yay\u0131m\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn porozluq yarad\u0131r. Qapal\u0131 uclu termokupl q\u0131l\u0131flar\u0131, spiral yivli \u015f\u00fca isidicil\u0259ri v\u0259 ya qanadl\u0131 istilik m\u00fcbadil\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri \u2013 f\u0259rdi haz\u0131rl\u0131q \u0259sasd\u0131r. Ohio \u015f\u00fc\u015f\u0259 fabrikind\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131m soban\u0131n yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131nda flan\u015fl\u0131 NSiC borulardan istifad\u0259 etdik; 1 400 \u00b0C-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r temperatur d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rini s\u0259s-k\u00fcy etm\u0259d\u0259n ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Harada s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rlar? Y\u00fcks\u0259k istilikli c\u0259h\u0259nn\u0259m d\u0259likl\u0259rind\u0259. Neft-kimyada SiC borular k\u00fck\u00fcrd tur\u015fusu \u00e7atlatma qur\u011fular\u0131nda v\u0259 ya etilen sobalar\u0131nda istiliyi \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, Incoloy-dan 5 d\u0259f\u0259 uzun\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Metallurgiya onlar\u0131 al\u00fcminium \u0259rintil\u0259rind\u0259 dald\u0131rma isidicil\u0259ri kimi sevir \u2013 tullant\u0131 \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259si yoxdur. Elektrik stansiyalar\u0131 onlar\u0131 qazanlarda superisitilmi\u015f buxar yollar\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edir. Yar\u0131ke\u00e7irici fabrikl\u0259ri: 1 200 \u00b0C-d\u0259 vaferin dopinqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn diffuziya borular\u0131, s\u0131f\u0131r \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259. G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f enerjisi: CSP q\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 1 000 \u00b0C-lik fluxa m\u0259ruz qalan q\u0259bul ed\u0259n borular. H\u0259tta qida emal\u0131 \u2013 gigiyenan\u0131n krali oldu\u011fu sterilizasiya sobalar\u0131. T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259m\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259n diqq\u0259t\u00e7\u0259k\u0259n m\u0259qam: Idaho \u015ftat\u0131ndak\u0131 n\u00fcv\u0259 yanaca\u011f\u0131 emal\u0131 zavodu. Aloy borular radiasiya v\u0259 halidl\u0259rd\u0259n s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131; SiC is\u0259 on il \u0259rzind\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qoruyaraq radiasiya tullant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 xeyli azaltd\u0131.<\/p>\n
R\u0259qibl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck? Metallar 1000\u00b0C-d\u0259n yuxar\u0131\u0434\u0430 s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr v\u0259 korlan\u0131r; SiC is\u0259 inki\u015faf edir. Al\u00fcminan\u0131n qiym\u0259ti ucuzdur, amma z\u0259rb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 k\u00f6vr\u0259kdir; zirkoniya is\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. SiC-nin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 gen\u0259lm\u0259si (4 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076\/K) termal yor\u011funlu\u011fa s\u0259b\u0259b olmur. Polad\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0259kisi qura\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131 asanla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 t\u0259krar emal oluna bilm\u0259si ya\u015f\u0131l t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011fundur. B\u0259li, k\u00f6vr\u0259kdir\u2014K1c t\u0259xmin\u0259n 4 MPa\u00b7m^{1\/2}\u2014odur ki, \u00e7\u0259kic vurmaq olmaz. X\u0259rci: h\u0259r boru \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn $200\u20132,000, lakin fasil\u0259siz i\u015f vaxt\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 aylarla \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6d\u0259yir. Sement sobas\u0131 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 SiC yaln\u0131z yanacaq q\u0259na\u0259ti say\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00f6rd ayda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6d\u0259yib.<\/p>\n
D\u00fczg\u00fcn se\u00e7in: Texniki spesifikasiyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u0259qiq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edin \u2014 maksimum temperatur, atmosfer (oksidl\u0259\u015fdirici m\u00fchitd\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259b olunur), ax\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ri. Vakum \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0131x sinterl\u0259nmi\u015f; a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 m\u00fchitl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 daha qal\u0131n divarlar. Sertifikatlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Saint-Gobain v\u0259 ya Morgan-a m\u00fcraci\u0259t edin \u2014 ASTM C1674 standart\u0131 vacibdir. Test n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri: soban\u0131zda termal d\u00f6vr ke\u00e7irin. Diqq\u0259tl\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131n\u2014rezin montajlar vibrasiyan\u0131 udur, burulma flan\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yum\u015faqca b\u0259rkidin. Bax\u0131m? \u00c7atlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn r\u00fcbd\u0259 bir d\u0259f\u0259 ultrason yoxlamas\u0131; yum\u015faq f\u0131r\u00e7alarla t\u0259mizl\u0259yin, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259yin. D\u00fcz v\u0259 quru saxlay\u0131n\u2014n\u0259mlik s\u0259ssiz qatildir.<\/p>\n
G\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yin borular\u0131 qaynar. Katalitik reaktorlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi porozitet\u0259 malik 3D \u00e7ap olunmu\u015f SiC. Elektrikli avtomobil batareyalar\u0131nda ke\u00e7iricilik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qrafen qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f nano-kompozitl\u0259r. Biokarbon m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri karbon izini k\u0259skin azald\u0131r. Hidrogen iqtisadiyyat\u0131? Reformatorlarda SiC borular partlayacaq; 900 \u00b0C-d\u0259 saf H\u2082-ni s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015fm\u0259d\u0259n emal ed\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n
Q\u0131sacas\u0131, Cek: Silikon karbid borular\u0131 g\u00f6z qama\u015fd\u0131ran deyil \u2013 onlar s\u0259nayel\u0259ri \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n qoruyan s\u0259ssiz ke\u015fik\u00e7il\u0259rdir. Onlar m\u0259nim \u201colmaz\u201d dediyim layih\u0259l\u0259ri ya\u015f\u0131l i\u015f\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evirib, bu prosesd\u0259 milyonlarla q\u0259na\u0259t edibl\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r Los-Ancelesin texnologiya m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 ya daha s\u0259rt \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259sinizs\u0259, bu borular sizin \u0259sas silah\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r. Onlar \u015fou-\u015f\u0259vqd\u0259n uzun\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olacaq v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259ni ver\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. Qurulu\u015fla ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t ist\u0259yirs\u0259n? T\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcatlar\u0131 yaz\u2014m\u0259n daha pisind\u0259n izl\u0259r da\u015f\u0131y\u0131ram.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon Carbide Tube: The Indestructible Pipes That Conquer Heat, Corrosion, and Industrial Mayhem Hey Jack, kicking back in LA where the biggest pipe dream might be the next blockbuster script, but over here in the gritty world of materials engineering, silicon carbide tube are the real stars. I’ve been wrestling with ceramics for 42 years […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lobadesignco.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lobadesignco.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lobadesignco.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lobadesignco.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lobadesignco.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/lobadesignco.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44,"href":"https:\/\/lobadesignco.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42\/revisions\/44"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lobadesignco.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lobadesignco.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lobadesignco.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}